Sunday, 25 January 2026

AI - THE RELENTLESS 'GENIUS'


Artificial intelligence just solved one of the biggest mysteries in archaeology

https://www.futura-sciences.com/en/artificial-intelligence-just-solved-one-of-the-biggest-mysteries-in-archaeology_23382/

The headlines were straightforward and  clear: Artificial intelligence just solved one of the biggest mysteries in archaeology.

Surely one cannot misread this unequivocal statement? 'Just solved' mysteries must mean new, informative answers, solutions to the puzzles, but a reading of the text reveals that this so-called ‘AI’ used by the researchers involved the use of ‘AI’ algorithms, (why not just ‘algorithms’?), and aerial instrumentation that revealed markings that the eye could not see: the mystery remains unsolved.



By processing terabytes of high-resolution satellite and drone images, AI flagged potential new figures in record time.

. . .

Sakai’s team believes that many of the newly uncovered figures formed ceremonial paths

. . .

The direction, scale, and placement of these new geoglyphs support the idea that they were not random art.

Just why these remarkable figures were drawn is still not known in spite of the certainty of the headline, with even the figures themselves remaining unclear, being described as potential new geoglyphs - perhaps; and apparently researchers merely ‘believe’ their ideas about ‘many,’ apparently not all, of the figures. The message really seems to be that previously unknown 'perhaps' smudges and markings have been discovered by the new technology that suggests that the  images are not merely ad hoc illustrations. It is not at all remarkable that these markings have been interpreted as being not random art, because it is the traditional role of art to hold meaning. Only our era sees art as ad hoc, personal expression or interesting, bespoke, decorative whimsy.

Is this great, uncritical enthusiasm for AI leading us into a world of exaggerated fantasies? Some people are already concerned with the power of AI to mislead with images. We are not helping by allowing such nonsense, delusive headlines to exist without comment. We might now have more possible images of these markings to ponder, a situation that could help clarify their purpose with a broader testing of various hypotheses, but the function of these patterns remains the puzzle it has always been, even with the marvel of AI.

This 'talk up' is not science; it looks like crude hype that encourages the reader to be exposed to the advertisements that come interspersed with these promotional texts these days, a change that we see as 'progress,' 'moving forward,' with researchers always seeking publicity for funding and promotions, and funding for promotional publicity.

If we are ever going to understand these images, we need much more honest rigour that is prepared to question and test everything we and AI do with a doubting, challenging humility rather than this exclamatory, misleading indulgence.



The other serious concern in this era is that headlines are sometimes the only information that is read, with texts frequently being too long for these busy times - TL:DR: too long: didn't read - being considered too tedious for the easily-distracted mind with its limited concentration span.

Accurate headlines are the least that anyone can expect, because the other habit of our era is the ease with which opinions are formed and passed on, creating the muddled situation like that in the child's story of the teddy bear’s shopping list that gets passed on verbally only to finally be transformed into an incomprehensible piece of puzzling nonsense.

Using headlines as the source of our information, we now call the outcomes of this progressive shambles ‘fake news.’ We'll get nowhere if we start with a fantasy, even if researchers are excited about their remarkable discovery.

Even the sub-heading is wrong:

Artificial intelligence has unearthed hundreds of massive ancient designs hidden for centuries beneath Peru’s desert sands, revealing patterns and purposes that had long been overlooked.

More patterns have apparently been revealed, but not their purposes. We are still left guessing.

The blind ambition of the researchers is shown in the concluding statement that claims that this work gives a sharper view of the beliefs, rituals, and art of a culture that thrived more than 1,500 years ago as a matter of course - with AI.

One might suggest that this opinion is, at best, hopeful.



THE ARTICLE

Artificial intelligence just solved one of the biggest mysteries in archaeology

January 22, 2026 by Futura Team

Artificial intelligence has unearthed hundreds of massive ancient designs hidden for centuries beneath Peru’s desert sands, revealing patterns and purposes that had long been overlooked.

In just six months, a joint team from Yamagata University’s Nazca Institute and IBM doubled the known number of Nazca lines, identifying 303 new geoglyphs scattered across Peru’s coastal desert. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and confirmed by lead archaeologist Professor Masato Sakai, this discovery represents one of the fastest leaps in archaeological knowledge ever achieved at this UNESCO World Heritage site.

These vast designs – etched into the desert floor between 200 B.C. and A.D. 650 – depict stylized animals, plants, and geometric patterns, some stretching hundreds of meters across. Many of these intricate shapes had gone unnoticed until now due to the desert’s sheer scale and the limitations of traditional survey methods.

How AI changed the game

For over a century, archaeologists studied the Nazca lines using aerial photography, field surveys, and painstaking hand-drawn maps. The latest approach used AI algorithms trained on thousands of aerial images, enabling the system to detect faint lines and subtle geometries invisible to the human eye.

By processing terabytes of high-resolution satellite and drone images, AI flagged potential new figures in record time. “The ability to carry out the survey so quickly was thanks to AI,” explained Sakai. Once identified, each site was confirmed by archaeologists on the ground to ensure accuracy and proper context.

Among the new figures are cats, birds, fish, and abstract shapes – designs likely tied to ceremonial, astronomical, or territorial purposes. The precision of these images, many of which maintain flawless symmetry despite their immense size, highlights the Nazca people’s deep understanding of geometry and landscape planning.

Evidence of ritual paths and sacred journeys

Although theories about the Nazca lines have ranged from astronomical calendars to alien messages, new findings point to a more grounded explanation. Sakai’s team believes that many of the newly uncovered figures formed ceremonial paths – routes walked during sacred processions meant to connect with deities and the surrounding environment.

This interpretation echoes the work of Maria Reiche, the German mathematician and astronomer who spent decades charting the lines and documenting their geometric precision. The direction, scale, and placement of these new geoglyphs support the idea that they were not random art, but elements of a broader spiritual landscape.

The expanding role of AI in exploring ancient worlds

The Nazca project is part of a growing movement in modern archaeology. AI is now helping locate ancient burial mounds across Europe, map hidden settlements beneath dense forests, and even identify long-lost shipwrecks on the ocean floor. At the Saruq Al Hadid site in the United Arab Emirates, AI analyzed satellite data to uncover artifact distribution patterns, allowing researchers to focus their excavations more efficiently.

Dr. João Fonte of ERA Arqueologia calls this technological evolution a “giant leap in efficiency,” noting that surveys once requiring years can now be finished in days. When paired with photogrammetry and remote sensing, AI gives scientists unprecedented insights into ancient landscapes, helping them reconstruct lost worlds with stunning precision.

Technology as a partner, not a replacement

Despite AI’s speed and scale, archaeologists stress the continued need for human judgment. Dr. Alexandra Karamitrou of the University of Southampton, who designs AI tools for archaeology, warns that “AI is not perfect, especially in this field.” Every discovery flagged by the algorithm must be verified in person – and false positives still pose challenges.

Still, progress is accelerating. As algorithms improve, the chance to protect endangered sites before they vanish grows dramatically. For Nazca, this means an ever-expanding map of one of humanity’s most mysterious civilizations – and a sharper view of the beliefs, rituals, and art of a culture that thrived more than 1,500 years ago.

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