Friday, 30 April 2021

WHO MURDERED THE GORBALS?

Colin MacFarlane The Real Gorbals Story True Tales from Glasgow's Meanest Streets Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 2007.




The Gorbals, Glasgow.

1882 map of The Gorbals, Glasgow.

p.221

Who murdered the Gorbals? 

NOTE:

This is the title of the last chapter. It was a question the author found spray-painted in giant letters onto one of the derelict tenement buildings.


The Gorbals.


p.222-223

A couple who had run a corner shop in Hospital Street stood and looked on aghast as their tenement and shop were flattened. The tearful woman said to me, 'They've destroyed ma tenement where ma family stayed for mair than three generations and they've smashed up ma wee shop. Now they've moved us tae a council housing estate out of this and we're only pawns in their game. The Gorbals means nothing tae them, it's aw aboot them makin' a bloody profit.'




We found it hard to understand how they could knock down a place which had its own distinctive history and way of life. Numerous majestic, magnificent buildings were torn down without a second thought. Indeed some of the buildings were comparable to the ones which still stand in highly regarded parts of Edinburgh.


. . .


the annihilation of the Gorbals . . . really started in earnest . . . in 1961. At that time, it was reported that there were 98.9 persons per acre in the Gorbals, compared with 18.7 in Kelvinside and 11.9 in Pollokshields. Distinguished Scottish architect Basil Spence was given a £1.3 million contract by Glasgow Corporation for a new-look Gorbals. For inspiration, Spence made a special excursion to Marseilles to see Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation. A Corporation spokesperson said the French buildings might be the solution to the blueprint of the new Gorbals.



Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation, Marseilles.






Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.


Queen Elizabeth Square today

Queen Elizabeth Square Master Plan (after the demolition of Basil Spence's towers)


Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.


p.225

Many of the former tenement dwellers moved into the Basil Spence-designed high-rise at Queen Elizabeth Square, which eventually accommodated 10,000 people, much fewer than the 27,000 who had lived in the tenements there before. The new buildings also changed the atmosphere of the community. People complained that the flats had left them living in 'streets in the sky',* with the friendliness and intimacy of the old days gone forever. Spence said that the multi-storey flats would 'look like a great ship in sail' on wash days. People found this observation patronising, as he must have been thinking of the Gorbals many years before, when people hung their washing out in the Glasgow Green. In 1966, downhearted residents told the papers that vandalism was rife, blaming it on the lack of amenities for young people.



Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.


p.226

In the 1930s, the Gorbals had an official population of 90,000 and was served by 1,000 shops and 130 pubs. But by the end of the 1960s, that would have changed, with most of them completely destroyed in the most uncaring and malicious fashion.




The Gorbals.


p.226

Many families who were angry or depressed about emigrating to the new council estates didn't stay long. They thought up every conceivable plan to return to what remained of the Gorbals. This included giving bungs to factors (bribes to officials) who still had buildings which would not be redeveloped for several years.



Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.


p.228-229

'It's the end of an era,' Mrs. Carey, my former neighbour, said. 'They've managed tae destroy one of the greatest places on earth.' She pointed to the new high-rise flats. 'Look at them - how dae they expect people tae live there? They're no real hooses, they're boxes.'





Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.

p.229

' . . . there's an old saying: if you stay long enough in a place, you become that place!'



The Gorbals.

Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.

Lest we forget.






 NOTE:

Queen Elizabeth Square housing by Basil Spence was demolished in 2015.

Construction took place between 1963 and 1965 after being approved in 1960.

It was opened by Queen Elizabeth in person.

It lasted just fifty years, and is despised.

The tenements of The Gorbals were built over the gardens and fields of the once fashionable and prosperous area of Glasgow in the 1840s and 50s.

They lasted over one hundred years, and are remembered fondly.




The demolition of Basil Spence's Queen Elizabeth Square housing.



*
Note:

Streets-in-the-sky were conceptualized by architects Alison and Peter Smithson as collective space, an articulation between individual and civitas. ... The Smithsons continued to explore the idea in several urban projects, only to put it to built form in Robin Hood Gardens (1968–1972).

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