Monday, 28 January 2013

FLOOD PLANNING


When will authorities take responsibility for their actions? Why should any development - old or new - have to put up with repeated flooding? In a country that is so managed with endless regulations that cover nearly every possible activity and action - one is not allowed to change a tap washer or an electrical plug, let alone build, without involving regulated specialists - why are houses and businesses still being flooded? It is not as though the world is short of town planners or hydrological experts. When we have so many trained professionals and tradesmen who are licensed by law to undertake specific activities that are denied to others - like planners, architects, plumbers, electricians and builders - one has to wonder why developed areas are subjected to repeated flooding. The proposition is that these areas should never have been developed. One can understand that older times may have had different perceptions, but today we know - either by research or by reality - that places are flood-prone. With this knowledge, one wonders why there is not immediate activity to stop development in these regions and to start a buyback scheme that can return these zones into the flood plains/areas that they are. Water will go where is wants to, where it has to, when it wants to, irrespective of political games.



The simple question is: when will authorities take responsibility for their decisions, and even the lack of them? Why do they continue with their spin to allow anything to occur even in face of the facts that spell out differences. Even a simple car parking matter can never be accepted by local government, (the Brisbane City Council), in spite of the geometry and mathematics highlighting the impossibly of the arrangement. I can recall a CEO at the Gold Coast who put forward the concept that the flood plains in the region should never be developed for housing. He was relieved of his position. He was also reportedly threatened to be sued by the company that wanted to develop these areas. Now, with a large area of Queensland and northern New South Wales flooding as this is being typed - 10:00am, Monday 28 January 2013, after a night of raging wind and rain at the Gold Coast in Queensland - the support for the development of flood plains seems foolish: ignorant. Yet the arguments for this action were supported with 'scientific' facts to prove that housing in these areas was, (is? - have things changed?), a sensible possibility. One can even envisage a future where support for these developments will again be strong in some authorities. Why? Why on earth must this be so?


There is a conscious inactivity and self-evident unwillingness to attend to these potential impacts of disasters by governments, until they occur. Governments seem to want to force others to cover the costs of repairs for the results of their decisions, all while continuing to refuse to act to prevent their occurrence and recurrence. Already in this 2013 flood, that was promoted as not being as bad as the flood of 2011 - this seems to be wrong in some districts - the Queensland government is asking for public donations for its flood appeal; and the Federal government has, subsequent to the 2011 flood, forced insurance companies to cover everyone for floods, seemingly irrespective of the risk that usually determines the commercial response. The proposition was that insurers were being unfair – discriminating: unlike governments? What is rarely seen is a government taking responsibility for its actions. It is not as though folk have just moved in and built their homes and businesses in these locations without anyone knowing. Governments have approved these developments. They have colluded with developers to have housing/businesses constructed in flood-prone areas. All excuses have been used in the past to support this activity: "Science; don't you greenies understand? Go away. We'll do what we want." It is a retort that is frequently given to those who try to point out the problems with government decisions and indecisions.

Gosh, areas that were flooded in Brisbane in 1974, have subsequently been developed. The argument has been that the Wivenhoe Dam has changed flood levels for Brisbane, making land that was flooded apparently available for development. This fantasy was given such credence that those professionals who knew otherwise - that there was a significant catchment below the dam that was a concern, (and turned out to be one) - were apparently scared to tell the politicians the facts. It took the flood of 2011 to bring out the truth. Here another 12,000 more properties than in 1974 were inundated - see http://voussoirs.blogspot.com.au/2011/02/what-flood-level.html  And what has government done about this? Only whinge that insurers are not pulling their weight, and enforcing changes. What is needed is sensible planning - rigour.


Governments need to clearly identify problem areas and begin a buyback, so that natural flood plains/areas once more become just this: natural spillways for excess water. Pressures from developers to open up low areas for their profit-making need to be resisted. The riverside land that was reportedly given to a developer by the Queensland government for the price of the Pat Rafter Tennis Centre at Tennyson in Brisbane - no wonder the public spaces are so mean - was known to flood: and the new developments did. The flooding has put a stop to completing the planned construction of this high-rise dream. The developer apparently carried out remedial work on those apartments that went under, but how would one feel as an owner of such a property? Will the company be asking for some of the tennis centre back?

Politicians rely on short memories. Sadly rigour is never a part of planning for futures that seems to hinge on spin - that devised by the conjunction of politicians and developers for political or personal profit/gain. The call for 'objections' on development applications has become pure farce. Just what goes on behind closed doors remains unknown, but it has been seen at one time in the Gold Coast City Council how one approving planner was brazen enough to have his name declared in the submission to be reviewed/approved by him as a consultant/advisor planner. It may now appear unbelievable, but it was so. This planner was not sacked, merely removed to manage another planning division. Then there were the repeated reports on how agreements were (are?) being made between developers, councillors and planners even before any application was (is?) lodged – all with the certainty of approval! It appears that there was (is?) never any doubt as to the outcome. One has to place this circumstance in context - this is the same local authority that took exception to the proposition that flood plains should never be developed.


Until authorities take a rigorous stance on development with enforceable town plans that can define, describe and deliver carefully determined outcomes, we will have more and more flooded properties - see http://springbrooklocale.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/why-bother-with-town-plans.html  When town plans are so flexible and variable, allowing every possibility to be a reality at the whim of any person, developer, councillor or council, then disastrous outcomes will be repeated into futures at an escalating rate. And as long as governments refuse to take responsibility for their actions and in actions, and for those of others before them, then floods and disasters will be recurring. Action is needed for future planning that defines denials and repossessions - areas that must not be developed, left to nature, and areas that need to be returned to nature. It also has to include areas that are so environmentally significant that they must be retained and enriched with complementary management – left as nature.


The future does not look good when the current Queensland Government is unable to maintain any rigorous control of existing National Parks, being keen to open them up to all and sundry for whatever. In the same manner the local Council has councillors who are careless about managing futures, allowing anything that can be considered 'growth' to be promoted as sensible and desirable. It has been the perception that growth in any manner is good, that appears to have allowed for all of the stupid decisions, like developing flood plains and a reluctance to manage traffic on roads - see http://springbrooklocale.blogspot.com.au/2012/07/street-character.html - to be seen as being reasonable. What is now needed is a backtracking to reverse the outcomes of these activities and inactivities: admission and appropriate remedial action.

Will we get this? Never. Governments know best and never own up. There is always the classic Howard ‘non-core promise’ to fall back on. Just call for flood donations and for insurers to cover all of the results of silly decisions. Governments seem to have some of that "She'll be right" attitude that some "On ya" Aussies have. One resident - ‘a bloke’ - in Bundaberg was delighted with the flood waters. He told the reporter that he "Just loved them (the flood waters)"; that he "Looked forward to this (the flood waters)", as he waded through knee-deep muddy swirls to get to the pub - the true bronzed Aussie fool - even while all authorities were telling everyone to keep out of the flood water. Like this fellow, governments always know best. They'll do what they want irrespective of the facts - "On ya!": see http://voussoirs.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/notes-on-development-application.html

What can one say? Such is life in Australia: a country that burns in one region and floods in another while developers reign and governments 'grow,' worrying more about their own futures than anything else and anyone else. Everything will be OK - just keep the beer flowing: "She'll be right." A report on the television station that is covering the present flood situation, 'minute by minute,' has just noted with some pride that the 'Breaky Creek' pub is still serving beer, even with rising waters surrounding it. What chance is there for better planning in Queensland - in Australia - when this is seen as the ideal? Who would want to lose this opportunity? There is no need for change!


"This State will rise to the occasion," said Premier Newman, 2:00m 28 Jan 2013, on the latest 'minute by minute' update. The cliché cry is, "We are Queenslanders. We'll pull thru." It is a real shame that platitudes just keep getting repeated when no other action is taken to prevent this nonsense in planning. Why will governments not take advice? One can predict, in the same manner as one can with other development approvals, that development in low areas will continue to be approved. It will continue to be supported with the argument that it has been 'scientifically' designed to 'world class' standards so that the proposals will never, ever flood - until . . . well, until we get that totally 'unpredictable,' never-before- experienced, storm of the century – the millennium. "Who would have known?" Well, it seems, no government.
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Monday, 21 January 2013

DUBLIN SIGNS

The message that is given by a sign and its graphic diagrams needs to be clear, with an ease of reading appropriate to circumstance. The sign that tells of restrictions on dog defecations in Dublin is immediately understood, even with the language barrier.


However, the traffic sign that advises on safe head heights and optional routes remains a puzzle even to the static eye. Just what a passing motorist would  make of this scattering of information as the vehicle moves on in the traffic flow, remains unclear. Decyphering messages of such importance needs a graphic rendering that is as instantly understood as that designed for dog owners, where, ironically, immediacy is not that critical. Well, it may not be.

PAIRS 8 - CONVENTIONAL INSPIRATION?

The Convention Centre, Dublin  Kevin Roche  -  Liffey elevation
Only the communication tower seems to be missing!


The toilet brush holder, Celtic Inn, Dublin

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CALDER IN SYDNEY





Alexander Calder is known not only for his delightful mobiles that play with colour, form, balance and breeze, but also for his stabiles. Harry Seidler commissioned Calder to make a stabile for his Australia Square development in Sydney that was completed in 1967. The black sheets of arcing steel bolted together to create this scultpure missed the opportunity to bridge the public footpath space and so engage all passersby in its delight. Instead, it is sited within the propery boundary of the development that is paved open space and does allow for some limited public participation - for Calder's sculpture to be observed 'aesthetically' as an artwork. The development is, after all, inspired Modernism.




The sculpture is looking as good as it did on the day of its installation, apart from the nelgect of its holding down bolts that are showing their 45 years of age. Astonishingly, the base plates show rusting holes where once there were bolts and nuts. Three bolts remain where once there were ten! Bolt details higher in the piece still mark out their precise pretty patterns without any sign of decay. Unfortunately, the voids in the base plates give one the feeling that this stabile might soon become a mobile if it is allowed to continue to deteriorate.






Tuesday, 6 November 2012

EXTRAORDINARY YE MEN!



I wondered at the Victorian quality of the evening - Wednesday, 15th November 2000. That formal Brontesque hairstyle hovering behind the misty glow of the lectern was not the only image to elicit such a romantic recall. The subject was Yemen. That extraordinary place with extraordinary landscape and extraordinary architecture was being introduced to an awed audience by an individual described by Professor Holden as an extraordinary lady with extraordinary skills. In all it was to be an extraordinary evening. And that is why it felt Victorian - or as one might have thought such an evening could have been experienced over one hundred years ago. It was a night abuzz with the expectations of the revelation of unknown delights: a true extravaganza.

Just imagine Carter showing slides of Egypt; of Woolley with his illustrated treasures of Ur. Once these were the unknown places of this world where the classic English traveller would meander with exuberant Britishness - an odd mixture of cheek and respect; of the brash and the sensitive. Tibet and China were once such mystery places too; and the Hindu Kush. These classic, learned, intrepid travellers can be imagined returning to London and being invited to present on an evening at The Royal Geographical Society where the unimaginable wonders of these hidden cultures could be revealed to amazed eyes. So the evening felt Victorian, where an encyclopedic delight in learning of new differences was the core of attention and expectations.

But this Yemen evening was in Brisbane at the Royal Australian Institute of Architects rooms in 2000. Professor Jennifer Taylor was presenting a talk on her recent trip to this remote place introduced as the last (one of) place where ancient culture and society remains alive in cities that were established in pre-biblical times by Biblical names. A relative of Noah was said to have been involved in this place with landscape appropriately - the flood - ripped apart by ancient riverbeds. There was once much water here, but not now.

The maps illustrated locations of names never previously heard of, while the slides flipped through amazing images of multistorey mud that looked like something else much more controlled. Fringed lime-white decorative mud passed into multicoloured facade details that looked crisply surreal and clear like a Jeffrey Smart painting. The beautiful illustrations were accompanied by a read text that was expanded with asides from the traveller – “we did…; it was; then we  ;etc.”

The evening presentation, precisely an hour's duration, always seemed that it might be more than a travel chat, but it retreated into this easy, lazy format. The promotional material, (complete with the formal Registration Form and cash payment), suggested the session was to offer much more than a traveller’s reverie, but it really was just a matter of look at this – “how it lives with the landscape; organic; at one; amazing; beautiful; stunning; etc.” And this became a concern.


This was the other reason that gave the evening its Victorian touch. These cultural delights were treated as aesthetic wonders just as the Victorians might have viewed them. There was no effort to try to understand the whole and its parts as those that made them might have seen them. Those attending that night were encouraged to look at these wondrous things as though they were indeed works of Jeffrey Smart - just self-conscious, composed, aesthetic things to delight the eclectic modern eye, nothing more. We were asked by way of the commentary to see these things alone in our world with our eyes only: WOW!

That the question about food elicited such a response of horror was odd. One felt that the real Victorians might have been a little more tolerant of impossibly different food. But how can food be separated from form? This circumstance only highlighted the position that saw only the difference we were invited to gaze at. No mosque was isolated for discussion, but these form the core of the community. The bathhouse was mentioned, but never illustrated. How might these relate? The amazing clutter was ogled at, but the laws of settlement and adjacency were not touched upon. What if a tower was built up to on three sides? How does the organic and chaotic get controlled? Dare we imagine that the forces of innocence in nature in this third world void gave this result, as a growing crystal might form in its solution?

A questioner raised the important issue of the stairs in these towers, a point that was never touched on by illustration; and one never saw a construction site either. What was in the core of the stair tube-core? Only the idyllic masses of towns were photographed along with the endless quaint details. It was indeed all very pretty. But if we are to really understand what these places stand for apart from some functional explanation of wastewater spillage, and shit collection for the baths, and wall thicknesses, then we need to get closer to the meanings. Why were the decorations painted the same as those sculpted?


It is not good enough to assume that these cultures saw (see) their world as we see it today in our time and place. For us to make no effort to try to understand the other culture from its point of view only continues the egocentric importance of the misguided twentieth century. These buildings, if one can interpolate from other mud brick cultures, are no silly self-help exercises that can be likened to the randomness of squatters’ homes outside Delhi or Rio. No, they are the work of skilled masons; and so on for the carpenter, the glass worker, the lime worker (more than a mist of white), etc. Intelligence lies here. It is too easy for us to assume some third-world poverty-driven endeavor assembling all this by chance and inexperienced effort. If we are to learn anything of other people and places, we have to overcome this prejudice and warm to unknown possibilities that we could learn from. The concept of 'architecture without architects' has not been not useful for us or our conceit.

The latent questions in this truly extraordinary work are: why is it so beautiful? Why so richly human? Why do we still respond to this wonder? To presume an answer along the lines of naivety, time and innocence (ignorance) is as absurd as believing in the ad hoc beginnings of these structures that, like all traditional art, leaves us to wonder in amazement: where, as Martin Lings noted, we cannot marvel enough.

While modern architecture and art can surprise with its difference, it knows nothing of marvel other than man the artist as 'marvel man,' when traditionally every man was a special kind of artist - not every artist a special kind of man. And to truly marvel is an experience of a humility and a seeking for an understanding that involves wholes, that our fragmented world only touches upon as isolated parts. It does involve religion, like all good art and architecture. It is never a fluke or born of chance or the ad hoc.


Traditional art is an art of remembrance. The question we have to ask and seek an answer to is: what is it that this art/architecture is seeking to remember? This is the core quest for modern man when confronted with all traditional art that is never art for arts sake or self-expression. If we are to exhibit art/architecture or talk about it, then we must address these questions. Admiring pretty things is never enough if we are to really understand. And we must accept this quest to know as one that can change everything we hold to be important. Without such a point of address, we will only continue to drag our madness into other minds, in the same manner as the presenter who seeks brownie points by being the one to show such hidden delights - I was there; look at me.


But “What is the rock of the landscape?” was the question. The traveller did not know. I pick up a rock and carry it to touch for recall. “Perhaps basalt?” was the blind guess. I thought it was buff to red colour. In an eroded desert? Volcanic? We must challenge ourselves to regain even, at the very least, a meagre interest in knowing more about the unknown so that our own architecture might revitalise itself and our lives beyond complacency and Gehry-ish self-importance. Frustrated pencil tapping will never know this world in which love thrives and enriches spirit - and still can. The silence of the audience told more of the awe than the formal questions that could only touch on the facts of function and planning. “How does one plan such a trip?” seemed to miss the point. It was like the man looking at the finger rather than the full moon being pointed too.

Let us hope that Yemen will not become the tourist 'Mecca' and self-destruct. It is different. The Americans found this out; and the British tourists too. Art and architecture are more than things to gawk at; and the experience is always much more than that whimsy of a place full of people full of themselves.

Thursday, 11 October 2012

WRIGHT - LANDSCAPE GARDENER





Derek Fell’s beautiful book, The Gardens of Frank Lloyd Wright, published by Frances Lincoln Limited, London in 2009, highlights Wright’s work as a landscape gardener. It is indeed astonishing. Usually plants and foliage are seen as sundry scribbles, smudges to illustrate his drawings, to ‘soften’ them. The actual landscapes are considered, if at all, as backgrounds to the buildings, incidental decorative additions, perhaps just the natural setting that Wright had worked with. It seems that Falling Water alone used its natural setting untouched. The only non-indigenous plant added was a white wisteria. All other contexts that Wright worked in were manipulated by him, using nature as his guide. “A tree out of place is a weed,” he declared when a client object to his instruction to cut down a mature oak tree. (p.41) Fell shows Wright as a landscaper working on a scale similar to Capability Brown.
 Wright was as ruthless in manipulating all within his sight to his aesthetic ideal as Capability Brown. (p.38) “The valley will bloom in your hands.” Frank Lloyd Wright’s mother, Anna. (p.40) Before he was satisfied with the views from Taliesin Wright eliminated thirty-two “nuisance buildings” from his view. (p.44)

 Taliesin West - gate to gardens of staff annex

The distinguished landscape gardener Jen Jensen (1860 – 1951) became a close friend of Frank Lloyd Wright. (p.108) “As a model for designers, Jensen’s approach stressed the clear need for careful study of natural landscapes. He objected to design training that was purely academic. He felt than an intimate knowledge of plants and horticulture and a genuine sense of humility were essential for landscape design to reach the level of art.”  (p.111 - quoted from  Robert E. Greese’s biography, Jen Jensen: Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens, John Hopkins university Press).

We can learn a lot from Wright and Jensen, and from Fell’s wonderful photographs of Wright’s parks and gardens too. This publication truly shows how Wright worked with nature in a manner that was more than philosophical and theoretical.

PAIRS 7 - CALL THEM CACTUS?



“I have always regarded the desert as the greatest lesson in construction,” Wright wrote. “Form following function if you like - or form and function being one. The saguaro is the greatest example of a skyscraper that was ever built.”
Derek Fell, The Gardens of Frank Lloyd Wright, Frances Lincoln Limited, London, 2009, page 74 -
(see: http://voussoirs.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/wright-landscape-gardener.html)

Foster’s Swiss Re HQ tower in London and Nouvel’s Torre Agbar tower in Barcelona tower come to mind. Perhaps Foster’s building should be called ‘cactus’ instead of ‘gherkin’? It is interesting that, in spite of Wright's intuitive understanding of organic structure, his schemes for skyscrapers were angular rather than cactus-like.

 Sagauro cactus


 Jean Nouvel's Torre Agbar tower, Barcelona


 Sir Norman Foster's Swiss Re HQ, London


So what was the inspiration?
According to Jean Nouvel, the shape of the Torre Agbar was inspired by Montserrat, a mountain near Barcelona, and by the shape of a geyser rising into the air. The Agbar Group, a holding company, has interests that include the Barcelona water company Aigües de Barcelona.   Wikipedia

Foster's building seems to have more 'rational' origins:
The building uses energy-saving methods which allow it to use half the power a similar tower would typically consume. Gaps in each floor create six shafts that serve as a natural ventilation system for the entire building even though required firebreaks on every sixth floor interrupt the "chimney." The shafts create a giant double glazing effect; air is sandwiched between two layers of glazing and insulates the office space inside.
The shafts pull warm air out of the building during the summer and warm the building in the winter using passive solar heating.The shafts also allow sunlight to pass through the building, making the work environment more pleasing, and keeping the lighting costs down.
The primary methods for controlling wind-excited sways are to increase the stiffness, or increase damping with tuned/active mass dampers. To a design by Arup, its fully triangulated perimeter structure makes the building sufficiently stiff without any extra reinforcements. Wikipedia

Still, one might presume that the form and function of the saguaro cactus might have provided some latent logic in the making of these buildings.

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