The hypothesis that the timber construction of mediaeval roofs arose from the design of boats that were once inverted to be used for shelter,
has always been an interesting theory that is difficult to prove. The unique intricacy of these roof structures makes the idea persuasive. There seems nothing more
sensible than a boat being used for a roof: both boat and roof need to keep
water at bay. This common function that accommodates two ideas in one object brings an Irish joke to mind: “Paddy, what is the height of that
ladder lying there?” “I don’t know; but I can give you its length.” Here, one object becomes a boat or a roof. The idea is fascinating if only for the appropriateness of the inversion. There are no aplogies to any function or form; no guile; no manipulation; just the enrichment of a new integrity.
The newly erected replica of a Viking long house at
Haroldswick, Unst - the island that carries the cliché subtitle, Shetland’s
'most northerly isle’ - has been constructed out of dry stone walls around a
log-framed roof. There is no indication here of any subtlety that might suggest
nautical origins in this rudimentary structure that seems to have more in common with the
post-beam-rafter model of the Japanese house than anything marine. Indeed, given the lack of trees
on Shetland - all of the hundreds of logs for this build were imported from
Norway - one is tempted to suggest that the archaeological research for this
reconstruction is flawed: such is the credibility of the commonsense in the idea of using boats
for shelter when materials and labour were scarce, and when there was a necessity to
provide protection quickly. All that was needed for a roof was the upturning of
the boat that the newcomers had arrived in.
A quick review of early Viking
settlements does indicate house forms similar to that reconstructed on Unst: a
low earth-and-turf-covered gable/hip roof on top of dry stone walls. So what is this
boat-roof idea? Where did it come from? Looking at the replica Viking longship
standing next to this new building, (it was sailed across from Norway to prove
a point), one could wonder if it was indeed possible to ever get this weighty mass
turned upside down, necessity or not!
A small shed at Skaw, a place that is described by a variation of the cliché: ‘Britain’s most northerly residence,’ does give some credence to
the possibility that mediaeval timber roof structures did have a maritime origin. Such
seafaring adaptations might have been a source of inspiration rather than a
development or imporvement of an actual boat-roof example, even if only small scale exemplars of this phenomenon ever existed. The
alternative is that the boat-roof relationship might simply come from a common technique introduced by the skills
of timber workers involved in both boat building and general construction.
Located adjacent to the croft house a Skaw, a sixareen - a classic Shetland timber deep-sea fishing boat rowed by six men - has been inverted to become
the roof of a shed. The beautiful swelling lines of this boat are on full
display, as well as the simple rigour of the horizontal keel from which the
whole boat is formed. The supporting dry stone walls that complete the
enclosure have been carefully shaped to accommodate the three-dimensional form
of this traditional boat that makes a marvellous roof. The celebrated lines are on full display. The curving transition from the vertical bow and stern
balloons over the legendary broad beam. It is entrancing.
Whether this example proves anything is unknown, but it does
add a poetically romantic, almost nostalgic touch to the possibility of a parallel between boat construction and mediaeval roof structures. It also provides a real example of
the re-use of boats as roofs on Shetland and highlights the islanders' native ingenuity. Perhaps the building techniques for
these and larger boats were the inspiration for those exotic, high delights of mediaeval times; but these spectacular structural wonders are not as subtly captivating as this simple Skaw boat-roof that is splendid: intriguing; mesmerising. It is
a thing of wonder and beauty that remains such a basic and ordinary concept, unpretentious and transparent in its intent: innocently clever in its necessity. There is a living idea buzzing here, a vision that 'saw something as,' that is still reverberating - like Wittgenstein's duck-rabbit.
The talent involved in the completing of the enclosure can be
clearly seen at Houlland in central Unst, where the stone walls remain without
the boat-roof. Even with the timber boat shelter now gone, the ghost of its presence
still remains in the clever forming of the walls: the boat-walls. It is this
skill that one can see throughout the islands in the dykes - the dry stone
walls that crisscross the naked hills to delineate fragmented fields. The
astonishing scale, size and exactitude of these dividing walls never fail to amaze. They
have all been assembled from a pile of rubble, just like the boat-walls. It is
rustic masonry that can, at times, be seen to surpass that of some mediaeval stonework.
Mousa broch comes to mind: see http://voussoirs.blogspot.com.au/2012/07/mousa-broch.html The dykes are truly ageless; some may be mediaeval themselves.
NOTE - 12 JUNE 2015
see also: http://voussoirs.blogspot.com.au/2015/06/burravoe-boat-roof-house.html
and
6 January 2019
NOTE - 15 JAN 2023
VOE BOAT-ROOF
One of the more
recent boat-roofs in Shetland has been constructed at Voe, a small
village located at the end of Olna Firth, Mainland Shetland. It is a
cute, compact shelter located at the pier adjacent to some
traditional sheds.
But the
traditional centre and most attractive part of Voe is around the pier
that projects into Olna Firth from its south shore. The pier was at
the heart of a herring station that was set up here in the 1800s.
Olna Firth was also home to a whaling station operated by the
Norwegian Whaling Company from 1904 until 1924. The pier has recently
been extensively rebuilt to allow the development of a marina.
Today this part
of the village retains its strong Scandinavian appearance. The pier
now also services fish farming in Olna Firth. One side of its
landward end is occupied by the workshops of the fish farming
operation, while on the other is one of Shetland's camping bods.
https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/shetland/voe/index.html
Voe
IMAGES OF THE SKAW BOAT-ROOF HOUSE
DECEMBER 2022
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